In today’s world, disease and microorganisms are growing at very faster rate.
When we attacked by pathogens(micro organism) our body has its own immune system which protect against them. it’s first most and efficient system. it keeps micro organism out or kill them in side body or excrete them by excretion ways.
But there are some micro organisms which by pass or fool the immune system, causes serious illness.
Vaccination is one of the best method to make our immune system understand harmful micro organism which are not recognized normally. In this way, we can boost our immune system.
Vaccination is a prevention method against life threatening micro organism. we can control such disease which are harmful and cause serious illness. disease such as :
Govt. of India has launched many vaccination programs like polio, tetanus, pertusis, Diphtheria and many more.
Universal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Govt of India in 1985. It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005. The program now consists of vaccination for 12 diseases- Tuberculosis, diptheria, pertusis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, heptitis B, diarrhoea, japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia (Heamophilus Influenza Type B)and Pneumococcal diseases (Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Meningitis). Hepatitis B and Pneumococcal diseases[1] was added to the UIP in 2007 and 2017 respectively .
A healthy immune system defends against invaders. The immune system is composed of several types of cells. These cells defend against and remove harmful pathogens. However, they have to recognize that an invader is dangerous.
Vaccination teaches the body to recognize new diseases. It stimulates the body to make antibodies against antigens of pathogens. It also primes immune cells to remember the types of antigens that cause infection. That allows for a faster response to the disease in the future.Vaccines work by exposing you to a safe version of a disease.
This can take the form of:
When the body responds to the vaccine, it builds an adaptive immune response. This helps equip the body to fight off an actual infection.
Vaccines are usually given by injection. Most vaccines contain two parts. The first is the antigen. This is the piece of the disease your body must learn to recognize. The second is the adjuvant.
The adjuvant sends a danger signal to your body. It helps your immune system to respond more strongly against the antigen as an infection. This helps you develop immunity.
Vaccines are very important for infants, but they’re not all given immediately after birth. Each vaccine is given on a timeline, and some require multiple doses. This table can help you understand the timeline of each vaccine:
| Name of Vaccine | Age | How many shots? |
| Hepatitis B | Birth | A second at 1–2 months, a third at 6–18 months |
| Rotavirus (RV) | 2 months | A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (DTaP) | 2 months | A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months, a fourth at 16–18 months; then every 10 years |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) | 2 months | A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months, a fourth at 12–15 months |
| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV13 | 2 months | A second at 4 months, a third at 6 months, a fourth between months 12 and 15 |
| Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) | 2 months | A second at 4 months, a third at 6–18 months, a fourth at 4 to 6 years |
| Influenza | 6 months | Repeat yearly |
| Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) | 12–15 months | A second at 4–6 years |
| Varicella | 12–15 months | A second at 4–6 years |
| Hepatitis A | 12–23 months | A second at 6 months after the first |
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | 11–12 years old | 2-shot series 6 months apart |
| Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) | 11–12 years old | Booster at 16 years old |
| serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) | 16–18 years old | |
| Pneumococcal (PPSV23) | 19–65+ years old | |
| Herpes zoster (Shingles—RZV formulation) | two doses at 50 years old |
Two vaccines are routinely recommended during pregnancy:
Flu (influenza) shot
Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine
Vaccination as per the National Immunization schedule by Government of India.
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Flu Vaccine
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Shingles Vaccine
Tdap Booster
Flu Vaccine
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Shingles Vaccine
Tdap Booster
Influenza recombinant
Zoster recombinant
Zoster live
Pneumococcal polysaccharide
